This NZCER survey of 619 academics at Massey University found that:

• women are less likely to apply for promotion than men
• women who do apply are just as likely to succeed as men
• women are more likely to feel they have not yet reached the academic level to which they aspire
• women are more dissatisfied with the promotion process
• women were more likely to have jobs at the the lecturer level or below, and
• women are more likely to see high teaching loads and a lack of time for research as a barrier to their promotion.