This NZCER survey of 619 academics at Massey University found that:
women are less likely to apply for promotion than men
women who do apply are just as likely to succeed as men
women are more likely to feel they have not yet reached the academic level to which they aspire
women are more dissatisfied with the promotion process
women were more likely to have jobs at the the lecturer level or below, and
women are more likely to see high teaching loads and a lack of time for research as a barrier to their promotion.