This paper is an initial exploration of the integration of work and learning and is intended to inform NZCER's Learning at Work research programme. It shows how the traditional separation between work and learning is being challenged and looks at what that means for education professionals, institutions and programmes. The paper considers the major formal learning spaces and how they broadly map to models of integration with particular drivers for learning, theories of learning and favoured pedagogical approaches. The focus is on models of integration that operate in New Zealand, such as Modern Apprenticeships, industry training and Work-Integrated Learning (WIL). However, the discussion on challenges associated with each model is located within wider, international issues and trends.